diff --git a/app/services/prepatch_check_service.py b/app/services/prepatch_check_service.py
index 45b2bc0..611c57d 100644
--- a/app/services/prepatch_check_service.py
+++ b/app/services/prepatch_check_service.py
@@ -131,12 +131,40 @@ def check_ssh(ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
             "message": "Pas de cible (DNS KO en amont)",
             "details": "",
         }
+    err = (ctx.get("ssh_error") or "").strip()
+    target = ctx.get("target") or "?"
+
+    # Classification du type d'erreur (pour message actionnable)
+    err_low = err.lower()
+    if "no route to host" in err_low or "network is unreachable" in err_low:
+        msg = f"Réseau injoignable ({target}) — vérifier routage/firewall"
+    elif "connection timed out" in err_low or "timed out" in err_low:
+        msg = f"Timeout connexion vers {target} — port SSH 22 filtré ou hôte down"
+    elif "connection refused" in err_low:
+        msg = f"Port 22 refusé sur {target} — sshd arrêté ou bloqué"
+    elif "no matching" in err_low and ("kex" in err_low or "key exchange" in err_low or "host key" in err_low):
+        msg = f"Algos KEX incompatibles avec {target} — durcissement SSH"
+    elif "host key" in err_low or "hostkey" in err_low:
+        msg = f"Host key inconnue/changée pour {target} — known_hosts ?"
+    elif "permission denied" in err_low or "authentication failed" in err_low:
+        msg = f"Authentification refusée par {target} — vérifier user/clé/password"
+    elif "no authentication methods" in err_low:
+        msg = f"Aucune méthode d'auth acceptée par {target}"
+    elif "name or service not known" in err_low or "could not resolve" in err_low:
+        msg = f"DNS échoué côté SSH ({target})"
+    elif err:
+        msg = f"Échec SSH vers {target}"
+    else:
+        msg = f"Échec connexion SSH vers {target} (raison inconnue)"
+
+    details = (err or "Pas d'exception capturée") + \
+              "\nVérifier ssh_method/clé/PSMP/mot de passe dans Settings (section SSH)."
     return {
         "name": "ssh",
         "label": "Connexion SSH",
         "status": "ko",
-        "message": "Échec connexion SSH",
-        "details": "Vérifier ssh_method/clé/PSMP/mot de passe dans Settings.",
+        "message": msg,
+        "details": details,
     }
 
 
@@ -315,14 +343,22 @@ def run_all_checks(hostname: str, row: Dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     only_set = set(only) if only else None
     target = _resolve(hostname)
     client = None
+    ssh_error = None
+    ssh_method = None
     if target and PARAMIKO_OK:
         try:
             client = _connect(target, hostname)
+            # _connect peut renvoyer un tuple (client, method) selon implem ; fallback :
+            if isinstance(client, tuple) and len(client) >= 1:
+                ssh_method = client[1] if len(client) > 1 else None
+                client = client[0]
         except Exception as e:
             log.warning(f"_connect raised on {hostname}: {e}")
+            ssh_error = f"{type(e).__name__}: {e}"
             client = None
 
-    ctx = {"hostname": hostname, "target": target, "client": client, "row": row or {}}
+    ctx = {"hostname": hostname, "target": target, "client": client,
+           "row": row or {}, "ssh_error": ssh_error, "ssh_method": ssh_method}
     results = []
     for name, fn in CHECKS.items():
         if only_set is not None and name not in only_set: